Epidermal growth factor receptor in corneal damage: update and new insights from recent reports

Agonist and antagonist drugs acting on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are emerging as a new possibility for pharmaceutical study and clinical manipulation of some skin and corneal disorders. EGFR activation appears to be effective in reducing the time of reepithelialization after corneal wound healing, with potential uses in penetrating keratoplasty, refractive surgery, alkali burns, diabetic keratopathy, keratopathy following chemotherapy, cornea transplantation, and dry eye. Most of the studies show therapeutic advantages of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (hrEGF) eye drops without showing adverse effects. In contrast, EGFR inhibition delays epithelial cell proliferation and stratification during corneal regeneration.The aim of this review is to summarize the most seminal discoveries and recent advances so as to clarify the role of the EGFR system in corneal physiology and pharmacology. Epidermal growth factor eye drops could be a first-choice treatment for promoting regeneration in numerous epithelial defects in the medium to long term.     

不同比重干化学检测尿蛋白结果分析

目的分析不同比重下尿蛋白干化学定性结果与全自动生化分析仪定量结果,探讨尿比重对干化学检测尿蛋白的影响。方法 844份尿标本先经干化学检测尿蛋白,再用全自动生化分析仪定量检测尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐,计算微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR),统计分析不同比重下尿蛋白定性与定量结果。结果当干化学尿蛋白结果为阴性时,随着尿比重的增加,假阴性率下降,当1.030≤比重≤1.005时,假阴性率从34.1%下降到2.7%;当干化学尿蛋白结果为阳性时(±～+++),比重越高,假阳性率越高,随着比重下降,假阳性下降,比重≤1.005时没有假阳性。结论尿比重能明显影响干化学检测尿蛋白的准确性,对于比重过低或过高的标本,可以检测UACR或24h尿蛋白定量进行鉴别。     

Effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomia: double‐blind,randomised controlled trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash in xerostomic patients. Sixty volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group used 0.1% pilocarpine solution, and the control group used 0.9% saline. The short‐ and long‐term effects of pilocarpine were investigated by measuring the severity of oral dryness, minor salivary flow rates and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate at predetermined times. The severity of oral dryness was decreased in both groups at 0, 30 and 60 min after mouthwashing, with no significant difference between the groups. Buccal and labial secretions were increased in both groups, but only the experimental group exhibited increased palatal secretion. Labial and palatal secretions, but not buccal secretion, differed between the groups. The unstimulated whole salivary flow rate was increased in the experimental group and differed from that in the control group. After 4 weeks, the severity of oral dryness was decreased in both groups and did not differ between them. The oral dryness at night or on awakening significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant difference between them, but the oral dryness at other times of the day and the difficulty in swallowing foods were not significantly changed in both groups. Minor salivary and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates did not increase in both groups. Until 1 h after mouthwashing, 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash increased minor salivary and unstimulated whole salivary secretions, but was not superior compared with 0.9% saline at relieving subjective oral dryness.     

前牙压低技术在深覆(牙合)患者矫治中的应用进展

深覆(牙合)的治疗是口腔正畸矫治的难点之一.对于伴有垂直生长型、长面型或上唇过短、露龈笑的患者,就更需要医生进行细致诊断,合理选择矫治方法和器械.通过单纯地压低前牙能较为有效地治疗该类患者的深覆(牙合)畸形.目前,临床常用的压低前牙的方法主要有三段式片段弓技术、多用途弓技术、J钩联合高位牵引技术和微种植支抗技术等.本文...     

Antioxidant effects of vitamin D on lacrimal glands against high dose radioiodine-associated damage in an animal model

Purpose: To evaluate antioxidant effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) against high-dose radioiodine (RAI) therapy-associated damage of lacrimal gland.

Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were used and divided into three groups randomly (n?=?12/group). The first group was appointed as the negative control group and received no RAI or medication. The second group was appointed as the positive control group that only received 3?mCi/kg (111 MBq/kg) RAI via gastric gavage and the last group was the treatment group that received 3?mCi/kg RAI via same method and calcitriol (200?ng/kg/day) via intraperitoneal administration. Seven days after RAI administration, bilateral intraorbital (IG), extraorbital (EG) and Harderian (HG) glands were removed for the evaluations of histopathologic, tissue cytokine, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS).

Results: RAI led to significant increase in tissue TOS, TNF-α, IL-6 levels and significant decrease in IL-10 and TAS levels (p?p?p?p?=?0.049), periductal fibrosis in EG and HG (p?=?0.049 and 0.038, respectively), abnormal cell outlines in EG and HG (p?=?0.020 and 0.011, respectively) and variation in cell size in the IG and the HG (p?=?0.003 and 0.049 respectively).

Conclusions: RAI caused significant oxidative stress and inflammation in lacrimal glands. Vitamin D demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and radio-protective effects on lacrimal glands in histopathologic, tissue cytokine and oxidant/antioxidant level evaluations.     

优质护理在原发性翼状胬肉术后干眼中的应用研究

目的 探讨优质护理对原发性翼状胬肉患者术后干眼的影响。方法 选取我院2018年1～12月治疗的70例原发性翼状胬肉术后干眼患者作为研究对象,其中1～6月收集的35例为对照组,7～12月收集的35例为观察组。对照组进行常规护理,观察组进行优质护理措施,比较两组患者出院时的焦虑和抑郁评分、护理满意度及治疗1周后干眼自觉症状改善情况。结果 观察组患者出院时焦虑、抑郁评分分别为(45.78±5.36)分和(46.36±5.48)分,对照组出院时焦虑、抑郁评分分别为(50.11±5.14)分和(51.69±5.53)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护理满意度为97.14%,高于对照组的65.72%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗1周后干眼自觉症状改善总有效率为97.14%,高于对照组的74.29%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 对原发性翼状胬肉术后干眼患者采取优质护理模式进行护理干预,能显著改善患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,有效提高护理满意度,改善干眼症状。     

Two cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with undetectable diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide

Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL_CO) is a valuable pulmonary function test to evaluate the gas exchange capacity of the lungs. Generally, DL_CO values are significantly lower in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in those with a predominantly emphysema phenotype. However, it is extremely rare that DL_CO values cannot be obtained for reasons other than technical errors. Herein, we report two patients with COPD in whom DL_CO values were undetectable without prolonging the breath-holding time for the test. We discuss possible mechanisms for these peculiar findings.     

泪点栓治疗视频终端顽固性干眼症的临床效果研究

目的：探讨泪点栓治疗视频终端顽固性干眼症的临床效果。方法选取2013年2~5月本院收治的视频终端顽固性干眼症患者59例（118只眼）,按照治疗方法不同分为两组,观察A组30例（60只眼）和观察B组29例（58只眼）,观察A组采用上下泪小点植入永久性泪点栓治疗,观察B组采用上泪小点植入临时性自溶性泪点栓,下泪小点植入永久性泪点栓治疗。结果两组治疗后3个月的BUT、Schirmer-Ⅰ明显高于治疗前,FL及主观症状评分明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗后3个月的BUT、Schirmer-Ⅰ、FL及主观症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。观察A组的并发症发生率高于观察B组（P〈0.05）。结论采用泪点栓可显著改善视频终端顽固性干眼症患者的临床症状,上泪小点植入临时性自溶性泪点栓,下泪小点植入永久性泪点栓治疗安全性更高。